兴化湾潮间带大型底栖生物群落生态研究

An Ecological Study on the Benthos in Intertidal Zone of Xinghua Bay

分别于2005年11月(秋季)和2006年5月(春季)两个季节,在兴化湾潮间带4条断面取样,共鉴定大型底栖生物189种。其中,多毛类、甲壳类和软体动物占总种数的90.5%,是该海域的主要优势类群。优势种主要有寡鳃卷吻沙蚕(Nephtys oligobranchia)、中蚓虫(Mediomastus sp.)、异蚓虫(Heteromastus sp.)、珠带拟蟹守螺(Cerithideopsilla cingulata)和侧理蛤(Theora lata)等。平均栖息密度和生物量分别为326 ind/m^2和32.35 g/m^2。空间分布上,栖息密度和生物量的垂直分布次序为:中潮区>低潮区>高潮区,水平分布具有湾内向湾口递减的趋势;对比两个季节,春季的平均栖息密度和生物量均大于秋季。群落结构分析显示,兴化湾潮间带大型底栖生物群落结构不稳定,群落发生扰动。

We investigated the diversity of benthos in the Xinghua Bay of Fujian Province in November 2005 and May 2006 to assess the biological diversity and the stability of intertidal communities. One hundred and eighty-nine species were identified and the dominant species were Nephtys oligobranchia, Mediomastus sp., Heteromastus sp., Cerithideopsilla cingulate, and Theora lata. The average density and biomass were 326 ind/m^2 and 32.35 g/m^2 respectively. The density and the biomass were the highest in the bottom of the bay and the middle tidal zone, and the lowest values were obtained in the openings of the bay and the high tidal zone. Both biomass and density were higher in spring than in autumn. The results indicated that the structure of the benthic community in the Xinghua Bay had been disturbed and in an endangered status.