技术差距变动、研发资源驱动与技术进步效应

Changes of Technology Gap,Driving Effects of R&D Resources and Technological Progress

随着中国经济逐渐进入"新常态"时期,创新驱动经济增长已经成为中国经济增长和产业结构调整的新引擎。在创新驱动实现的过程中,研发驱动技术进步是关键环节。特别是,中国各地区之间技术差距较大,在不同技术差距下分析研发资源对技术进步的驱动效应尤为重要。本文以技术差距为转换变量,构建了中国高技术产业的面板平滑转换(PSTR)模型,对不同技术差距阶段研发、人力资本、溢出效应等对技术进步的差异化驱动效应进行了研究。研究结论发现,在技术差距的影响下,研发没有充分发挥对技术进步率的驱动效应,人力资本对技术进步率的影响呈现明显的非对称性,溢出效应对于技术进步的贡献不足。在不同技术差距间,存在着迅速和平缓两种转换机制。在快速转换机制中,研发溢出对技术进步的促进作用得以体现。而在慢速转换机制中,技术差距、人力资本对技术进步率的影响显著为正,两个转换机制中各变量的影响呈现"此消彼长"的关系。此外,技术差距适度时技术进步的"稳态"特征十分明显,而技术差距过小或过大时则是技术进步的不稳定区间。考虑到我国各地区高技术产业发展的多层次和多元化特征,各地区应根据技术水平的现状,选取适宜的高技术进行引进。关于高技术产业中的消化吸收能力不足问题,不能简单地依靠增大技术引进和消化吸收经费支出来解决。必须依靠加大技术后发地区的教育投入,提升落后地区的人力资本水平。最后,为充分实现不同地区高技术产业之间的协同创新与共同进步,还应着重组建协同创新机构,构建集成创新网络,进而形成区域内与地区间的功能互补与良好协作机制,实现高技术产业的可持续发展。

With China＇s economy entering to the ＇ new normal＇ , innovation-driven economic growth has become the new engine of China＇ s economic growth and industrial structure adjustment. R＆D-driven technology progress is the key link in the process of innovation-driven implementation. In particular, the technological gap among different regions in China is considerably large. It is particularly important to analyze the influence of R＆D resources on technology progress at different levels of technology gap. By selecting the technology gap as a transition variable, this paper specified the Panel Smooth Transition Regression （PSTR） model of China＇ s high-tech industry, discussed the difference driven effect of R＆D, human capital and spillover effects on technological progress in different stages of the technology gap. The results show that under the intluenee of the technological gap, R＆D has not fully played a driving effect on the technological progress rate, the influence of human capital on technological progress rate is obviously asymmetric, and spillover effects do not make sufficient contributions to the technological progress. Among different technology gap levels, there are two kinds of transition mechanism： rapid and smooth. In rapid transition mechanism, R＆D spillover effect promotes the technological progress. However, in the slow transition mechanism, the influence of technology gap and human capital on technological progress rate is significandy positive. The impacts of each variable on technological progress rate show increase in one transition function and decrease in the other. In addition, technological progress takes on a steady feature in appropriate technology gap interval. On the contrary, technological progress presents an unstable feature when technology gap is too small or too large. Considering the multi-level and diversified characteristics of the high-tech industries development in China, each region should introduce appropriate high technology according to the current situation of technical level. In terms of the shortage of digestion and absorption ability in high- teeh industry, it cannot be solved simply by increasing the technology introduction, digestion and absorption expenditure. Besides, we must depend on increasing education investment in less developed regions and elevating the level of human capital in these regions. Finally, in order to realize the collaborative innovation among high-tech industries in different regions, we should focus on the establishment of cooperative innovation organization as well as the construction of the network of collaborative innovation. And then the complementary and cooperative mechanism within a region and among different areas may be formed, and it can promote the sustainable development of high-tech industry.