农户贫困恢复力测度、影响效应及对策研究--基于农户家庭结构的视角

Measures of the Resilience,Effect and Countermeasures of Household Poverty: The Perspective of Household Structure

集中连片贫困地区扶贫开发与农户脱贫问题关系社会稳定与和谐,而恢复力概念为贫困领域研究提供了新的视角。研究利用抽样调查的321户家庭问卷数据,基于生计恢复力理论框架,构建农户贫困恢复力指标体系,从农户家庭结构分类出发,采用探索性统计和主成分分析判定不同人口、生计结构农户缓冲力资本、贫困恢复力差异,运用多层次模型探究农户家庭因素(生计、人口)与贫困恢复力内在结构效应。研究主要结论:1研究区不同家庭结构农户经济类资本分布极不均衡,资本积累水平低;2影响贫困地区农户个体恢复力的主要因素包括物质资本、经济收入、文化教育、劳动力、交通条件、社会资源等;3高质量劳动力人口结构以及合理多样化收入方式的生计结构对农户贫困恢复力才具有正向效应。最后,针对研究区农户家庭结构贫困恢复力差异和关键影响因子,提出相关恢复力建设对策。

Anti-poverty and development and farmer＇s shake-off-poverty problem of concentrated poverty-stricken areas are concerned with the social stability and harmony, and the concept of resilience provides a new perspective for poverty research field. Based on the livelihood resilience theory framework, the index system of farmer＇s poverty resilience is built using the questionnaire data of 321 households by sample survey. Starting from the structural classification of farmer households, the differences of buffering power capital and poverty resilience among the farmers of distinct population and livelihood structure are judged with the method of exploratory statistics and PCA. Also, the structure effect between the farmer households factors （livelihood, population） and poverty resilience is explored through the multi-level model. The results are as following ： ①The economic asset distribution of farmers of different household structure is very unequal and the level of asset accumulation is low in the study area. ②The main factors influencing the farmers individual resilience in poverty-stricken areas are physical capital, income, culture and education, labor force, traffic condition, social resource etc.. ③The population structure of high quality labor force and the livelihood structure of reasonable and multiple income streams have a positive effect on the farmers poverty resilience. Finally, in terms of the poverty resilience differences among the farmers of distinct household structure and the key influence factors in study area, this paper puts forward the corresponding further improve the resilience construction.