资本对科学的驱动作用——重思马克思科技哲学思想

The Driving Role of Capital in Science:One Side of Marx's Philosophy of Science and Technology

马克思科技哲学思想的一个逻辑前提是马克思没有把作为一种独立的生产方式的资本笼统终结于"剥削",没有把资本作为在全社会占统治地位的生产方式即"资本主义生产方式"简单等同于"剥削形式",肯定了资本在历史上的"另一面":其一,由于这个生产方式"以人对自然的支配为前提",以追求剩余价值(特别是相对剩余价值)为核心动机,注定了它"把自然科学发展到它的顶点",具有赋予生产以科学性、把工人必要劳动会缩减到最低限度的趋势;其二,由于"发现、创造和满足由社会本身产生的新的需要",这个生产方式对整个近现代社会科学知识系统的全面创建发挥了巨大的推动作用。马克思科技哲学思想的这一侧面对于进一步使我国"创新驱动发展战略"或"创新发展"理念落在实处具有直接的实践意义。

The logic premise of Marx＇s philosophy of science and technology is that Marx did not ambiguously end capital as an independent mode of production with exploitation, and did not argue that capital as a dominant mode of production in the whole society, namely the capitalist mode of production , simply equaled exploitation form , but affirmed the other side of capital inthe history. Firstly, because this mode of production takes the dominance of the nature as the premise and the pursuit of surplus value （especially relative surplus value） as the core motiva- tion, it is destined to the development of natural science to its vertex and has the tendency of giv- ing production scientificalness and reducing necessary labor of workers to a minimum; secondly, owing to the discovery, creation and satisfaction of new needs of the society, this mode of pro- duction plays a huge driving role in the whole construction of modern social scientific knowledge system. The other side of Marx＇s philosophy of science and technology is of practice significance to further implantation of innovation-driven development strategy or the idea of innovation devel- opment in China.