全球价值链分工下的双边贸易收益及影响因素——以中日贸易为例

Bilateral Trade Gains and Influencing Factors in the Global Value Chain:A Case of the Sino-Japan Trade

通过构建国际投入产出模型,利用增加值方法对中日双边贸易收益进行核算,文章发现日本在中日双边贸易收益分配中居于相对有利的地位,而不同行业的中日双边贸易收益表现出明显的异质性。进一步从行业层面对中日双边贸易收益的影响因素进行实证分析,发现行业技术密集度、国内生产配套率差异均是影响中日双边贸易收益差异的重要因素,其中两国技术密集度差异决定了其全球价值链定位及出口产品技术差距;国内生产配套率决定了出口规模中的本地成分多寡,进而影响双边贸易收益水平。而资本密集度、显示性比较优势指数差异的影响并不显著。为此,应进一步加快高级生产要素尤其是技术要素的培育,推动中国要素禀赋结构升级,同时提升国内生产的配套水平,促进全球价值链环节在国内的延伸。

By constructing international input-output model, this paper accounts the Sino-Ja- pan bilateral trade gains from a value-added perspective. It shows that Japan is in the relatively advantageous position in the distribution of Sino-Japan bilateral trade gains, and Sino-Japan bilat- eral trade gains in different industries are featured by obvious heterogeneity. Through the empiri- cal analysis of the factors affecting the Sino-Japan bilateral trade gains at the industrial level, it finds that the differences in industry technology intensity and domestic production matching rate are important factors affecting Sino-Japan bilateral trade gains; the differences in technology in- tensity between two countries decide its global value chain positioning and the technology gap ofexport products, and domestic production matching rate determines the domestic ingredients of export scale, thereby affecting bilateral trade gains; the differences in capital intensity and RCA index show weaker correlation. Therefore, it should further speed up the cultivation of advanced production factors, especially technical factors, advance endowments structure upgrading, im- prove domestic production matching level, and promote the extension of global value chain links in China.