玉米主产区深松作业现状与发展对策

Application status and development countermeasures of subsoiling in main maize production regions

作为一项重要的保护性耕作技术,农机深松整地对于改善耕地质量、提高作物产量意义重大。采用文献回顾、专家咨询和实地调研等方法,系统梳理了深松的技术属性特征及其推广应用沿革,回顾和总结了国内深松补贴宏观政策的发展以及玉米主产区各省市和样本地区深松补贴政策的实施状况,并从技术经济角度分析评估了深松技术的生态效应和经济效应。研究表明,深松技术有助于改善土壤性状、增强土壤肥力、减少水土流失,还有助于提高作物产量、提高农民收入,生态和经济效应明显;但在推广过程中也面临对技术认识不深、作业分散不经济、补贴机制不健全、部分农业基础设施落后、技术储备和配套措施不足以及缺乏有效监督机制等问题。为此,本文从思想认识、组织管理、补贴机制、推广队伍和监督机制等角度提出了未来有助于改善深松技术推广的政策建议。

As an important Conservation Tillage （CT） technique, machinery subsoiling plays a significant role in improving soil quality and increasing crop yield. Though China has been carrying out the subsidy policy on subsoiling since 2009, it is still urgent to analyze and evaluate current subsoiling implementation status, effects and obstacles, which helps provide decision-making evidence for future subsoiling policies. Using methods of literature review, expert consultation; and field research, this paper analyzes the technical features and application history, reviewing the involution of domestic macro subsoiling policy and current implementation status of subsidy policy in main maize production regions and sampling areas. Finally, the ecological and economic effects of subsoiling technology are evaluated for the perspective of technical economies. Result shows that subsoiling technology has merits of ecological and economic effects, namely it could help improve soil properties, enhancing soil fertility, reducing soil erosion, and also improve crop yields and increase farmers＇ income; meanwhile, it faces obstacles of superficial understanding on technical advantages, uneconomic dispersed operation, imperfect subsidy policy, backward agricultural infrastructure, lacking complement technical reserves and support, and ineffective supervision system. Therefore, policy measures are proposed eventually to promote the application of subsoiling technology in the future from viewpoints of technique understanding, organization management, subsidy policy, promotion team and a supervision mechanism.