主体功能区农田生态补偿的农户受偿意愿分析——以重点开发、农产品主产和生态功能区为实证

Analysis on farmers' willingness to accept the ecological compensation in those main functional areas: A case study of Hubei Province

以湖北省重点开发区、农产品主产区及生态功能区为实证,基于Hicks需求理论,构建假想市场条件下的农田生态补偿政策,采用二元logistic回归模型,分析农户维护和改善农田生态环境的受偿额度、影响因素及异质性,可为补偿标准的制定和完善提供参考,以促进功能区为导向的差别化农田生态补偿政策及机制的构建。结果表明,在经济发展程度越快的地区,农地发展权受规划管制的影响越明显,其农户参与农田生态补偿的受偿额度愈高,重点开发区、农产品主产区及重点生态功能区农户平均受偿额度分别为7 821.45-9 421.05、6 936.30-8 608.05和3 017.10-3 775.65元/(hm^2·a)。受访农民的性别、教育程度及其关于农田调节气候、涵养水源、控制水土流失、提供休闲娱乐价值、文化价值、维持物种多样性等生态系统服务的认知程度,以及农户家庭的农田禀赋、土地承包经营权及承包地流转状况等资源特征对受偿意愿普遍具有正向影响,而受访农民的年龄和月收入状况对农户受偿意愿具有负向影响。研究表明,农民对农田功能认知水平越强、家庭生计对农地的经济依赖性越强,其参与农田生态补偿政策的意愿愈强。

Taking priority development areas, agricultural producing areas and priority ecological reservation areas in Hubei province as examples, and applying Hicks demand function model, this paper tried to simulate farmland ecological compensation policy with a hypothetical market condition to calculate farmers＇ willingness to accept the compensation, the influencing factors, and heterogeneity of it, aiming to help the Government to construct better farmland ecological compensation policy and mechanism based on function concentrations of different areas. Results show that 1） farmers＇ willingness to accept the compensation will grow with economic growth and limited planning controls; 2） farmland ecological compensation standard could exceed farmers＇ average willingness to accept, in other word, farmers＇ willingness to accept （WTA） in priority development area, agricultural producing areas and priority ecological protect area are 7 821.45- 9 421.05, 6 936.30-8 608.05 and 3 017.10-3 775.65 yuan/（hm^2·a）, respectively; 3） farmer＇ gender, education, farm size, land contracting managerial authority, land circulation and farmers＇ perception of climate regulation, water supply, erosion control and sediment retention, leisure entertainment value, cultural value, biological control have positive influences on their willingness to accept; and 4） farmer＇ age and income levels have a negative impact, meaning that farmers＇ participation willingness will increase with high level of understanding of farmland functions and high level of dependence on farmland for living.