基于生物-生态耦合工艺的农村生活污水处理研究

Research on rural sewage treatment using biologicalecological coupling process

开发低投资、低能耗、低维护的生活污水处理工艺是解决农村污水处理问题的关键。采用无动力升流式厌氧生物滤池(UAF)与潜流式人工湿地(SFW)耦合工艺处理农村生活污水,考察了耦合工艺在不同水力停留时间(HRT)下对生活污水的处理效果,并通过增加SFW内的植株密度改善脱氮除磷效果。结果表明:UAF与SFW耦合工艺无动力消耗,免维护,适合农村地区的生活污水处理,对氮、磷的去除主要依靠SFW阶段完成,通过增加芦苇的植株密度可以明显增强SFW内生物的脱氮除磷能力,并保证UAF与SFW耦合工艺的处理性能稳定在较高水平。在t(HRT)UAF=18h,t(HRT)SFW=3d的条件下,UAF与SFW耦合工艺出水COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷的平均质量浓度分别为44.07,4.25,13.36和0.44mg/L,达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准。

Developing low-investment,low-energy consumption and low-maintenance sewage treatment process is important for sewage treatment in rural areas.An upflow anaerobic filter（UAF）without energy consumption and a subsurface flow wetland（SFW）are utilized as a biological-ecological coupling process to treat rural domestic sewage.The effect of the coupling process on treatment performance of domestic sewage under different hydraulic retention time（HRT）is investigated.The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in the SFW is improved by increasing plant density.The results show that the coupling process of UAF and SFW has no power consumption and is maintenance-free,suitable for rural sewage treatment;the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus mainly happens in the SFW phase;increasing the density of reed plants in the SFW can obviously enhance the capacity to remove nitrogen and phosphorus,and ensure that the efficient performance of the coupling process of UAF and SFW is stabilized in a high level.When the HRTs of UAF and SFW are 18 hand 3d,respectively,the concentra-tions of COD,ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the final effluent treated by UAF and SFW process are44.07,4.25,13.36 and 0.44mg/L,respectively,meeting the requirement of first grade class A in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant（GB 18918-2002）.