鲻鱼对凡纳滨对虾养殖沉积物的摄食和吸收

Ingestion and Absorption of Organic Deposits in Pacific White Leg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Ponds by Striped Mullet Mugil cephalus

采用养殖生态学方法,研究了不同水温下鲻鱼对凡纳滨对虾养殖沉积物的摄食与吸收。选择大、中、小3种规格鲻鱼,体质量分别为（16.25±0.88）g/尾,（29.00±1.73）g/尾,（42.93±1.08）g/尾,将养殖沉积物收集后投喂鲻鱼,在自然水温为21.5~25.5℃流水系统中养殖46d,然后测定其特定生长率、摄食率、排粪率以及有机质和氮、磷吸收率。试验结果表明,（16.25±0.88）g/尾鲻鱼特定生长率显著高于（42.93±1.08）g/尾,特定生长率与鲻鱼体质量呈负相关。3种规格鲻鱼摄食率和排粪率与水温呈正相关,水温升至25.5℃时均最高,（29.00±1.73）g/尾鲻鱼摄食率和（16.25±0.88）g/尾鲻鱼排粪率整体最高。（29.00±1.73）g/尾鲻鱼对有机质和氮、磷吸收率最高,分别为60.63%,82.15%,44.24%。鲻鱼对养殖沉积物中有机质和氮、磷的移除量分别为0.619g/（kg·尾）,0.043g/（kg·尾）,2.746mg/（kg·尾）。研究表明,鲻鱼摄食凡纳滨对虾养殖沉积物的生长效果良好,不但可以利用养殖环境中有机物和营养物质,同时为鱼虾混养模式中的鲻鱼规格搭配提供科学依据。

The striped mullet Mugil cephalus with body weight of（16.25±0.88）g/ind,（29.00±1.73）g/ind,and（42.93±1.08）g/ind were cultivated and fed organic deposits collected from Pacific white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei culture ponds for 46 days in a flowing-through systems at water temperature of 21.5-25.5℃for 46 dby an experimental ecology method to study the ingestion and absorption of organic deposits from Pacific white leg shrimp ponds by various sizes of striped mullet in which the specific growth rate,ingestion rate,feces production rate,organic matter and N,P assimilation efficiency were measured.The results showed that the striped mullet with body weight of（16.25±0.88）g/ind had significantly higher specific growth rate than the striped mullet with body weight of（42.93±1.08）g/ind did,with a negatively correlated to the mullet body weight.There was a positive correlation between ingestion rate and feces production rate and water temperature,the maximum at water temperature of 25.5 ℃.The maximal ingestion rate was observed in the mullet with body weight of（29.00±1.73）g/ind,while the maximal feces production rate was found in the mullet with body weight of（16.25±0.88）g/ind.The mullet with body weight of（29.00±1.73）g/ind had the maximal organic matter（60.68%）and N（82.16%）and P（44.34%）assimilation efficiency.It was found that 0.619g/（kg·ind）of organic matter,0.043g/（kg·ind）of organic nitrogen,2.746mg/（kg·ind）of organic phosphorus were removed from the enriched sediment by striped mullets.The findings indicated that striped mullet ingested and absorbed well the organic deposits from Pacific white leg shrimp culture ponds,and utilized the organic matter and nutrients from culture environment,which provided reliable data for the suitable size for polyculture of striped mullet with Pacific white leg shrimp.