海南油茶资源调查与分析

Survey and Analysis on Tea-oil Camellia Resource in Hainan

对海南油茶资源分布与林分进行了实地调查,摸清了海南油茶资源分布与储量,明确了海南油茶林分现状。结果表明:海南油茶包括野生资源与栽培种,主要分布在9个市县38个乡镇,总面积约1 167.3hm^2。定安、澄迈、屯昌和琼海的部分地区保存有林龄较长的油茶林,其中澄迈县现有老的油茶林最多,最大植株地径达150cm。经初步鉴定,海南油茶资源为越南油茶、普通油茶和小果油茶,属于"寒露籽"型品种。15a以上林分调查结果表明:海南油茶主要散生于橡胶、槟榔或次生灌木丛林下和林缘,较少为坡地纯林;绝大部分的油茶林处于野生或半野生状态;同一林分不同植株间存在多样的叶片和果实形态,地径和产量也参差不一。分析认为,海南油茶资源丰富且存在特异性,这为海南选育具有地方特色的高产品种提供了良好的遗传物质基础;林分五花八门,没有进行抚育管理是海南油茶产量低的主要原因。

The distribution and reserves of tea-oil camellia resource in Hainan and the status quo of its forest were revealed by field investigation. The results showed that there were wild and cultured resources of tea- oil camellia in Hainan,which intensively distributed in 38 townships of 9 cities and counties with the area of about 1 167.3 hm2. The old tea-oil camellia forests were mainly distributed in some townships of Dingan, Chengmai,Tunehang and Qionghai,of which the forests in Chengmai were the oldest and biggest with the stump diameter of 150 cm. After the preliminary identification,it was thought that the tea-oil camellia re- sources in Hainan belong to cold-dew-seed varieties, including Camellia vietnamensis, C. oLeifera and C. meiocarpa. Meanwhile,the field survey results for 15-year-old forests of tea-oil camellia showed that tea-oil camellia dispersedly grew in the understory or on the margin of Hevea brasiliensis ,Areca catechu and sec- ondary shrub forests, but few on the slope land as pure forest; the most of tea-oil camellia forests were wild or semi-wild without any culture managements. There existed various shapes of leaves and fruits a- mong the plants in the same forest, the stump diameters and yields were also different. The analysis showedthat there were rich resources of tea-oil camellia in Hainan with the genetic specificity,which were the nice genetic material for selecting and breeding the new native varieties with high yield. Both the mixed forest structure and absence of managements were the main reasons for low yield of tea-oil camellia forest in Hainan.