干热河谷地区澳洲坚果果实发育特性及落果调查

Study on Fruit Development Characteristics and Drop Law of Macadamia in Dry Hot Valley

为研究澳洲坚果在云南省干热河谷地区果实生长规律以及落果规律,同时为干热河谷地区澳洲坚果的生产提供理论依据以及科学指导,以3个澳洲坚果品种‘HASE695’、‘HASE900’、‘Own Choice’为材料,对果实生长特性及落果特点进行调查。结果表明：澳洲坚果果实生长膨大的关键时期为4月中下旬—5月中旬,增长了1.38-1.54 cm;在潞江坝干热河谷地区澳洲坚果存在2个落果高峰期,第1落果高峰期主要以授粉受精不良以及果实快速生长营养不良导致,第2高峰期则主要表现为熟前落果,‘HASE695’、‘HASE900’、‘Own Choice’在这期间的落果分别占落果总数的2.7%、2.11%、4.51%,这期间澳洲坚果果实已经达到恒定大小。研究发现,澳洲坚果的保果措施应该主要针对这一期间进行深入研究,使落果减少,提高产量。

In order to provide theoretical foundation and scientific guidance for Macadamia production in dryhot valley area of Yunnan Province, the fruit growth and drop law of Macadamia nut were studied. 3Macadamia cultivars‘HASE695＇,‘HASE900＇and‘Own Choice＇were used as materials, and the fruitgrowth and fruit characteristics were investigated. The results showed that the key period of Macadamia fruitswelling was from mid to late April to mid May, with an increase of 1.38- 1.54 cm in fruit diameter. InLujiangba dry and hot river valley area, there were 2 peaks of Macadamia fruit dropping. The major cause ofthe first dropping peak was poor pollination, poor fertilization and fruit rapid growth of malnutrition; the seconddropping peak was mainly manifested as premature drop, the fruit droping rates of‘HASE695＇,‘HASE900＇and‘Own Choice＇in this period were 2.7%, 2.11% and 4.51%, and the Macadamia fruit reached a constantsize in this period. In this study, we found that further study on Macadamia fruit retention measures should bemainly aimed at the second fruit dropping peak with the purpose of reducing dorp rate and increasing yield.