青海湖流域河道变化对湿地生态系统的影响

Effect of River Channel Change on Wetland Ecosystem in Qinghai Lake Basin

为了研究青海湖流域河道变化对湿地生态系统的影响,通过对青海湖流域5条主要河流上中下游河道断面土壤及植被调查,结合水文和裸鲤监测数据,分析青海湖流域河道变化和湿地生态系统特点。研究结果表明:由于人类不合理的水土资源开发,湿地生态系统面临前所未有的挑战和压力。近年来,由于河流上游坡面侵蚀、中游阶地沟蚀河岸垮塌以及下游水利引水灌溉工程的影响,使得河道阻塞,河流改道或断流时有发生,最直接影响是阻断裸鲤回溯产卵通道,威胁青海湖湿地生态系统的稳定和安全。提出改善青海湖流域河道过水条件,保障青海湖流域湿地生态系统稳定和安全的对策措施。

In order to study the impact of river channel change on the wetland ecosystem in Qinghai LakeBasin, soil and vegetation in 5 main streams of Qinghai Lake Basin were investigated. Combined withhydrological and Gymnocypris przewalskii monitoring data, river channel change and the characteristics ofwetland ecosystem in Qinghai Lake Basin were analyzed. The results showed that due to the irrationalexploitation of water and soil resources, the wetland ecosystem was facing unprecedented challenges andpressures in recent years. Especially owing to soil erosion in the upper reaches, terrace gully erosion and riverbanks collapse in the middle reaches, and the influence of downstream water diversion irrigation project, therivers became blocked, river diversion or drying-up happened occasionally. All of the above interrupted thebacktracking channels for Gymnocypris przewalskii to spawning, thus threatened the stability and security of theQinghai Lake wetland ecological system. The paper put forward some countermeasures for improving thestability and safety of wetland ecosystem in Qinghai Lake Basin.