河南省城乡居民消费结构的比较分析

Comparative Analysis of Urban and Rural Residents' Consumption Structure in Henan Province

为缩小城乡居民消费结构差距,提高城乡居民消费水平和消费质量,本研究基于城乡视角,利用1993—2013年间《河南省统计年鉴》数据,首先分析河南省城乡居民消费结构的变动情况及其差异,然后应用ELES模型,对城乡居民消费结构进行了静态分析。结果表明:1993—2013年间河南省城乡居民食品、衣着、居住、家庭设备、医疗保健、交通通信、文教娱乐、杂项八大类消费品中,城镇居民消费水平明显高于农村居民,结构变化明显,城镇居民的消费结构优于农村居民,城镇居民整体消费欲望强于农村居民。受收入水平的影响,城乡居民消费结构中食品支出仍居于重要位置。农村居民各类需求的收入弹性均小于城镇居民,映射出农村居民低水平消费的基本态势。住房成为农村居民高度关注的重大消费项目,依然为生存型消费;而城镇居民较为关注的是交通通信、杂项和家庭设备,属于发展型与享受型消费。受消费品价格的影响,城镇居民杂项支出与农村居民居住支出变化较为剧烈,城乡居民消费次序存在一定的差异。因此,提升居民购买力、引导购买意愿、优化购买环境是缩小河南省城乡居民消费结构差异的主要路径。

In order to improve the consumption level, changes and differences of consumption structurebetween urban and rural area in Henan Province were analyzed based on the data of＂Henan StatisticalYearbook＂from 1993 to 2013. Then static analysis of the consumption structure of urban and rural residentswas conducted with the application of ELES model. The results showed that consumption level of urbanresidents was higher than that of rural residents in Henan Province from 1993 to 2013. The consumptionstructure of urban residents was better than that of rural residents, and the overall consumption desire of urbanresidents was stronger than that of rural residents. Affected by income level, food expenditure still occupied animportant place in the consumption structure. The income elasticity of demand of rural residents was smallerthan that of urban residents, indicating a low consumption level of rural residents. Rural housing became amajor consumption item of rural residents, and still belonged to the living type consumption. Whileconsumption of urban residents was concentrated on the transportation and communication, householdequipment and miscellaneous goods, which belonged to the developing and enjoying type consumption.Affected by consumer prices, miscellaneous goods expenditure of urban residents and housing expenditure ofrural residents exhibited drastic changes. There were some differences in consumption order between urban and rural residents. Therefore, improving the purchase power, guiding purchase intention, optimizing purchaseenvironment could reduce the structure differences between urban and rural residents in Henan Province.