北京市现代化都市型农业经营活动碳足迹研究──以门头沟区京白梨果园为例

Research on Carbon Footprint for Management Activity of Urban Modern Agriculture in Beijing——A Case Study of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxin. cv. Jingbaili Orchards in Mentougou District

本研究旨在通过科学评价京白梨果园生产经营过程所产生的碳排放,为构建农业低碳管理技术体系,实现北京市现代化都市型农业经营活动的节能减排奠定基础。笔者基于对10年生产经营活动数据的调查,通过运用农业碳足迹的基本理论和研究方法,测算了门头沟区6个主要京白梨果园的碳足迹。结果表明：6个京白梨果园年均碳足迹在118.71-513.23 kg Ce/（hm^2·a）之间,生产1 kg京白梨鲜果的碳成本在0.12-0.27 kg Ce/kg之间。各个果园碳足迹的组成中,灌溉电能消耗量占总量的16.97%-83.20%,化肥占0.00%-63.12%,柴油占8.68%-50.18%,农药占2.09%-7.39%。另外,灌溉电能消耗量或N肥施用量与各个果园的年总碳足迹存在正相关性。因此,制定并实施科学合理的京白梨精准灌溉施肥田间管理制度,以及因地制宜,开展雨洪利用工程的建设,减少果园灌溉对地下水的依赖,是降低门头沟京白梨果园经营管理过程中碳足迹的有效途径。

In order to build the regulation system for low- carbon agriculture and provide the basis for theenergy conservation and emission reduction of urban modern agriculture management activity in Beijingthrough systematical estimation of carbon emission, the authors evaluated six Pyrus ussuriensis Maxin. cv.Jingbaili orchards in Mentougou district based on ten years＇ production data and the basic theory and studymethod of agricultural carbon footprint. The results showed that the average carbon footprint of the six Jingbailiorchards varied from 118.71 to 513.23 kg Ce/（hm^2·a）, and the carbon cost of fresh fruits was 0.12 to 0.27 kg Ce/kg.As to the composition of carbon footprint in these orchards, 16.97%- 83.20% came from the electricityconsumed by irrigation, 0.00%-63.12% was discharged by chemical fertilizer, 8.68%-50.18% was caused bydiesel oil and 2.09%-7.39% was attributed to pesticides, respectively. In addition, the amount of electricity consumption or nitrogenous fertilizer showed a positive correlation with the total carbon footprint of eachorchard. Therefore, the carbon footprint could be effectively reduced by the implementation of an economic andprecise system of irrigation and fertilization, and by building rainfall flood project according to local conditions.