棉花雄性不育系网室蜜蜂授粉技术研究

Study on Honeybee Pollination Technology of Cotton Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines in Net House

旨在研究蜜蜂在棉花不育系上的传粉特征以及是否适宜棉花三系制种。本试验在网室内利用蜜蜂(Apis mellifera Ligustica Spinola)进行棉花不育系授粉,以人工授粉为对照,调查晴天与阴天蜜蜂在棉花保持系和不育系花朵上的造访频率和单花停留时间,并比较蜜蜂和人工授粉田间农艺性状、制种产量及成本。结果表明,晴天条件下,蜜蜂在棉花保持系的造访频率为60次/h,不育系为49.2次/h,差异达显著;阴天条件下,蜜蜂在保持系的造访频率为23.4次/h,不育系为13.8次/h,差异不显著。蜜蜂授粉和人工授粉单铃籽粒数有显著差异,而单株铃数和空果枝数差异达极显著,果枝数、铃重、衣分、子指、发芽率则无显著差异。蜜蜂授粉种子产量可达人工授粉的70%左右,但其制种成本远低于人工授粉,可节约费用三分之二。因此,合理利用蜜蜂授粉技术对棉花不育系制种具有重要的推动作用。

The aims were to study the pollination characteristics of honeybee in cotton CMS lines, and whetherhoneybee was suitable for production of three-line hybrid cotton or not. In this experiment, honeybee（Apis mellifera Ligustica Spinola） was used as pollinators on cotton cytoplasmic male sterile（CMS） lines in net house.The artificial pollination was used as a control. We investigated the visit frequency and single flower retentiontime of honeybee on cotton CMS maintainer and CMS lines in fine and cloudy days, and compared theagronomic traits, the yield of seed and the cost. In fine days, the visiting frequency of honeybee in cotton CMSmaintainer and CMS lines were 60 and 49.2 times per hour, respectively, and the difference was significant. Incloudy days, the visiting frequency of honeybee in the two type lines were 23.4 and 13.8 times per hour,respectively, and the difference was not significant. In comparison of the characters between honeybee andartificial pollination, the difference of seed number per boll was significant, while boll number and emptybranches per plant had extremely significant difference. The number of fruit branches, boll weight, lint percentage, seed index, germination rate had no significant difference. The hybrid seed production of beepollination could reach about 70% of artificial pollination. But its cost was two-third of artificial pollination.Therefore, the rational use of honeybee pollination technology could play an important role in cotton CMShybrid seed production.