畜禽粪便中钾的有效性及其在土壤中的释放特点

Chemical Forms and Release Characteristics of Potassium in Livestock and Poultry Manure

为了解畜禽粪便中钾对农作物的生物有效性,对采自杭州市规模化养殖场的牛粪、猪粪、鸭粪和鸡粪等4种畜禽粪进行了钾的化学形态分析及其土壤培养试验。结果表明：4种畜禽粪便中全钾含量在4.87~53.40 g/kg之间,平均为21.50 g/kg。含钾量由高至低依次为猪粪〉鸡粪〉鸭粪〉牛粪。畜禽粪便中的钾具很高的生物有效性,其中,速效钾占全钾的比例平均为49.4%,缓效钾占全钾的比例平均为32.4%。畜禽粪便施入土壤后,其中大部分钾可在短时间内释放成为土壤有效钾。

In order to know the bio-availability of potassium in livestock and poultry manure, four kinds oflivestock and poultry manure including cattle manure, pig manure, duck manure and chicken manure werecollected from large-scale farms in Hangzhou. The chemical forms of potassium were analyzed and the soilcultivation experiments were conducted. The results showed that the total K content in the manure ranged from4.87 to 53.40 g/kg, and the average value was 21.50 g/kg. Potassium content in livestock and poultry manuredecreased in the order of pig manure, chicken manure, duck manure and cattle manure. Bio-availability of K inlivestock and poultry manure was very high. The average proportion of available K in the total K was 49.4%,and the average proportion of slow-release K in the total K was 32.4%. Most potassium in the manure could bereleased into soil and became available K in a short time after the manure was applied to soil.