破解水价改革难题的经济学分析

Economic analysis of solvingproblem of water price reform

我国人多水少,水资源无偿和低价使用,利用效率和效益低下,加之水浪费、水污染严重,使得水资源供需矛盾成为我国经济社会发展的主要瓶颈。为解决水资源供需矛盾,必须加快水价改革,充分发挥市场配置水资源的决定性作用,通过实行用水计量收费和超额累进加价制度,在管理、供水、用水和排水等诸多环节建立激励约束机制,增强人们的节水动力,提高水资源利用效率和效益。

China is a country with more people and less water,free and cheap to use water resources, low utilization efficiency and effectiveness of water,severe water waste andpollution. Accordingly,the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources has become a major bottleneck in China 's economic and social development. In order to solve the contradiction between water supply and demand,the water price reform must be sped up,and the decisive role of the market in the allocation of water resources should be given full play. Through the implementation of wate metering and progressive rate system,the incentive and restraint mechanisms in the management, wate supply, water use and drainage are established to strengthen people ' s water-saving motivationand to improve the utilizationefficiency and effectiveness o water resources.