《说文解字》象形字初探

A Primary Study on Pictographic Characters in Shuo Wen Jie Zi

《说文解字》自成书以来备受文字学家的推崇。对其研究也涉及各个方面。本文对其中象形字从构形、取象、说解方式三方面入手进行探讨。构形方面,象形字分为全体象形、部分象形、连体象形。取象方面,分属天文地理类、动物类、人体类、植物类、人工物类等。说解方式则有"象形"、"象某某之形"、"象某某"、"从某,象某某"、"从某,象某形"、"从某,象形"六种。在整个汉字构形体系中,象形字是其它类型汉字构形的基础。

Shuo Wen Jie Zi has been immensely rewarded and respected by philologists since its publication. The researches on this book involve various aspects. The current thesis attempts to probe into pictographic characters from the angles of formation, image - taking, and ways of explaining. From the perspective of form, pictographic characters are categorized into entire picto- graphs, partial pictographs and conjoined pictographs. On the aspect of image -taking, they respectively belong to type of as- tronomy and geography, animal, human body, plant, artificial objects and so forth. Besides, there are six ways of explaining pictographic characters, namely, ＂Pictograph＂, ＂Like the shape of…＂, ＂Like…＂, ＂Like… according to…＂, ＂Like the shape of…according to….＂ and ＂Pictograph, according to…＂. Pictographic characters serve as the basis of forming of other sorts of Chinese characters in the whole system of Hanzi formation.