建筑模型风洞试验阻塞效应研究进展

Research Progress of Wind Tunnel Blockage Effects on Building Models

由于壁面的存在,风洞试验模拟的流场与真实大气的自由流场存在差别.在特定情况下,阻塞效应将对流场和建筑风荷载产生严重影响,导致风洞试验数据产生较大误差.然而,当前结构风工程研究人员对阻塞效应的认识尚且不足.首先,简要介绍了阻塞效应的机理,并归纳了阻塞效应对流场和建筑风荷载的影响.然后,总结了阻塞效应的影响因素(来流特性,建筑的外形、数量和布置方式等),回顾了涉及试验和数值模拟的阻塞效应修正方法,并列出了重要文献中对阻塞比的规定.最后,提出了今后值得研究的方向.

The flow simulated in a wind tunnel is different from that in the free stream of the atmosphere in reality because of the existence of tunnel walls. In certain conditions, large blockage ratios will seriously distort the flow around the building models and the aerodynamics of the building models. Therefore, errors will exist in test results. However, structural wind engineering researchers have paid a little attention to blockage effects. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the mechanism of blockage effects and concludes the characteristics of the flow and the aerodynamics of buildings under the blockage. Secondly, the main factors which influence the blockage effects are summarized including inflow characteristics, the shape, the number and the arrangement of buildings, etc. Furthermore, the blockage correction methods involved with wind tunnel tests and numerical simulation are reviewed, and the limitation of the blockage ratio is listed from classic works. Finally, somerecommendations for future studies are proposed.