洞庭湖区生态系统服务功能价值分析

Analysis of the value of ecosystem services in the Dongting Lake area

洞庭湖区有长江中下游地区最大的调蓄性湖泊(洞庭湖)和亚洲最大的内陆湿地,维系着长江流域中下游地区的生态安全,而且也影响着区域经济社会可持续发展。科学地评价洞庭湖区生态系统服务功能,对保护和修复洞庭湖湿地生态系统,协调经济发展和环境保护之间的关系具有重要意义。本文在获得大量数据的基础上,采用市场价值法、防护费用法、机会成本法、影子工程法、消费剩余、条件价值法,对洞庭湖区湿地生态系统18项服务功能价值进行评估。结果表明,2010年洞庭湖区服务功能总价值1733634×104元。其中,社会服务功能价值(895759×104元)>调节、支持功能价值(765662×104元)>供给功能价值(102213×104元),分别占服务总价值的51.67%,42.43%和5.90%。若以其产品可进入经济市场与否来划分,具有市场价格的服务的经济价值(985863×104元),没有进入市场交易的间接服务的生态价值(747771×104元),它们之间比约为1∶0.76。本研究结果可为环洞庭湖生态经济区的建设与开发的对策制定提供参考的依据。

The Dongting Lake area is the largest storage lake of the Yangtze River region and Asia's largest inland wetland.It protects the ecological integrity of the Yangtze River basin region,and also influences the economic and social sustainable development of the region.It is important to assess the ecological service function in Dongting Lake Area to facilitate protection and restoration of Dongting Lake wetland ecosystems,and also to coordinate exchange of information between economic development and environmental protection agencies.In this article,the market value method,protection costs,opportunity costs,shadow engineering,consumer surplus and valuation methods were used to analyze 18 ecosystem service functions of the wetland ecosystem in Dongting Lake.The total value of wetland services was 1733634×104 yuan in Dongting Lake in 2010,of which the social service value(895759×104 yuan)>adjustment and support value(765662×104 yuan)>supply function value(102213×104 yuan).These values accounted for 51.67%,42.43% and 5.90%,respectively,of the total value of the ecosystem services.Whether these services can be captured by the market economy or not,the economic value of the direct services was assessed as 985863×104 yuan,and the ecological value of indirect services was 747771×104 yuan.Hence,the ratio of direct∶indirect value was 1∶0.76.The results of this study could provide data to guide the development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone.