早期镇墓文与神怪小说关系三题

Three topics on the relationship between early tomb-calmed writings and ghost stories

以早期镇墓文三个主题为例,深入解读神怪小说所反映的社会观念。一是在人鬼恋情、人鬼交往的故事中,突破人间和鬼蜮的界限成为叙事的隐含起点,镇墓文中"死生异路"的观念成了叙事的重要因素。二是镇墓文中的"重复"观念与神怪小说的"错勾"故事显示出相通的思维方式,即生者与死者在某些方面的相似会给生者带来麻烦。三是镇墓文中的"铅人""松人"等"替代者"被赋予了仆人的特质因而具有了文学色彩。与产生"替代者"形象的心理基础相同,神怪小说中出现了"明器人"故事,明器婢女的形象渐趋成熟,人们对于明器的想象也更加多彩。

The present essay, by taking three topics for example, aims at a deep interpretation of the social concepts of the early tomb-calmed writings and the ghost stories. First, in the stories of communicaion and even love between humans and ghosts, the boundary of human world and the nether world is broken and becomes the start of implied narration, and the concept of different ways between the living and the dead in the tomb-calmed writings becomes an important narrative factor. Second, the idea of “repetition” in the tomb-calmed writings has the same way of thinking as the story of “misjudgment” in the ghost novel. Third, the image of “replacer” in the tomb-calmed writings is endowed with the characteristics of servant and with the literary coloring. Same as the psychological basis of the image of “replacer”, the story of “burial objects” appear in the ghost novels and the image of “burial maid” become mature.