理性的构建:乌申斯基的公共教育思想

Rational construction: Ushinski's public education thoughts

公共教育是乌申斯基在综合俄国社会现实的基础上作出的教育出路选择。乌氏的公共教育思想主张:立足于人道主义、依托民主,把满足个体对教育需求作为教育着力点;以世界教育发展的理性为基准,把公民和社会因素作为教育实施的逻辑参照,推行教育民主,进行教育社会转向;建立国民教育体系,力求完善教育的社会功能给人以完整和连续的教育。同时,公共教育对本体"自我"进行识别,主张用俄罗斯民族内在和外在的历史、文化承载作为教育发展的动力,秉持民族基质,重视历史进程的经验价值。

Public education is Ushinski’s way-out based on Russian social reality. There are three major thoughts of Ushinski’s public education. First, humanism is the basis, democracy the support, and meeting the educational needs of the individual mind the original force. Second, the rationality of world education development is the standard, and citizens and social factors function as the logical reference so as to promote the democracy and to take the social turn in education. Third, the system of civil education should be established to perfect and ensure the social function of education, which is to provide people with complete and continuous education. Meanwhile, public education offers identification for the subject Self, insisting on the internal and external Russian national historical and cultural bearers as the driving force for education, upholding the national inner matrix, and paying special attention to the empirical value of the historical process.