“政策经营者”:“支持型政权”与新乡土精英的崛起——基于“河村”案例的研究

Policy Hunters: Supportive Grassroots-Government and the Rise of New Rural Elites——Based on a Case Study of “He” Village

新千年以降,伴随着国家借助大规模"惠农政策"推进农村发展的治理形态不断扩展其边界与内涵,县乡政府的主要工作转变为向农村和农户传递国家的各项政策资源,保证国家"惠农政策"在基层的有效执行,我们可以将其运行特点概括为"支持型政权"。由于"支持型政权"运转逻辑的内生需求,农村社会中"政策经营者"群体快速崛起。借助对政策资源和乡土资本的娴熟运作,"政策经营者"成为新的乡土精英,在中国农村社会中扮演着十分关键的角色。需要注意的是,这种新乡土精英的出现,往往嵌生于特定的政治社会生态之中,这便决定了其不可能成为具有普遍意义的重建乡土秩序的载体。

After 2000, the Central government promulgated a set of Pro-peasant policies, aiming to promote the rural development, based on this background, the country and county level government's main duty is to implement the pro-peasant policies from above, we can characterize this phenomenon the supportive grassroots government. When we pay close investigation into the policy implementation process, we will find that, as a result of the inherent requirement to the well- function of the grassroots-government, in the community level, a group of policy hunters rise quickly. The policy hunters, who are both holding authority in rural community and can lobbying for policy support from the government, gradually become the new elites in rural China, and play a key role in the process of policy implementation. It is noteworthy that, basically speaking, policy hunters in rural China are embedded in specific political-social context, as a consequence, they cannot be the base stone to reconstruct the rural society solidarity.