“五四”时期实验主义哲学在我国的传播及影响

The Propagation and Impact of Experimentalism Philosophy on China During the May 4^(th) Movement Period

"五四"时期是新中国成立前西学东渐的重要阶段,实验主义哲学在该时期是相当具影响力的学说之一,胡适在其中扮演了最为关键的角色。实验主义哲学所倡导的价值观与方法论,在某种程度上迎合了当时文人志士的救国心态,且与中国传统思想价值取向较相契合是其得以传播的原因。实验主义哲学传播的主要内容包括其"真理观"与"方法论"。它在培养国民的怀疑批判精神和求真务实的精神,进而塑造国民的科学精神等方面无疑具有启蒙作用,也进而为马克思主义在中国的传播起到了"催化剂"的作用。但终究由于其过分倚重于方法,且仅仅强调问题的"碎片化"解决和眼前的实际效果,而忽视长远与缺乏宏观、全局意识,在经受了十几年实践的检验后,被更适合解决中国问题的马克思主义理论所取代。

The May 4^th Movement period was a very important phase during the eastward transmission of western sciences before the foundation of PRC. Experimentalism philosophy was one of the most influential theories therein, within which Hu Shi has played a key role in introducing it. The reasons why Experimentalism-advocated value and methodology had been transmitted during the May 4^th Movement period were that they, to some extent, catered for the mental attitudes of Chinese scholars and honest patriots who were eager to save China, and that, What＇s more, they were compliant to China＇s traditional values. The propagation of Experimentalism philosophy mainly consisted of two important parts, namely, its ＂view of truth＂ and ＂methodology＂. There was no doubt that Experimentalism had enlightened the skepticism and truth-seeking spirits of Chinese people, and then helped with constructing scientific spirit of our nation. What＇s more, Experimentalism had functioned as ＂catalyst＂ during the propagation of Marxism in China. However, Experimentalism relies too heavily upon its methodology; advocates fragmentized solutions and im- mediate effectiveness; and lack of macroscopic and overall consciousnesses. After more than ten years practice in Chi- na, Experimentalism was replaced by Marxism which was more suitable to deal with China＇s problems.