论恩斯特·布洛赫对《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》的人本主义解读

On Ernst Bloch's Understanding of Humanism in Theses on Feuerbach

恩斯特·布洛赫在《希望的原理》一书中,对马克思主义的纲领性文件《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》展开了全新解读。在他看来,马克思主义并非简单的政治经济学批判,而是一种以劳动、异化和实践概念为核心的具体的人本主义思想。布洛赫的解读一方面恢复了"人"的主体地位,克服了正统马克思主义的机械经济决定论倾向,另一方面由于过度关注伦理价值,这种解读也背离了马克思主义立足现实追求人类解放的基本精神,其思想局限也是较为明显的。

In the book Principle of Hope, Ernst Bloch gave a new interpretation of Marxist programmatic document, Theses on Feuerbach. In his opinion, Marxism was not a simple critique of political economy, but a specific humanistic thought with the concepts of labor, alienation, and practice as the core. On the one hand, Bloch＇sinterpretation restored the subject status of＂hu man＂ and overcame the mechanical economic determinism of ＂orthodox＂ Marxism, but on the other hand, due to excessive attention to ethical values, it departed from the Marxist basic spirit of the pursuit of human liberation based on the reality,which shows the limitation of his interpretation.