历史与实践——当代科学实践哲学的法国认识论根源

History and Practice: Root of Philosophy of Contemporary Scientific Practice in Perspective of French Epistemology

当代科学实践哲学主要从本体论、认识论和方法论三个方面继承和发展了法国认识论的历史主义传统。本体论层面,将法国认识论对事实之建构性的讨论,扩展为本体论的实践建构主义,进而摆脱了二元论的束缚;认识论层面,将法国传统的历史认识论和局域认识论发展为情境科学观,为传统认识论的诸多难题提供了本体论的解决方案;方法论层面,将"科学创造哲学"的信条发展为描述主义的方法论进路,从而为其本体论和认识论主张提供方法论支持。在此基础上,实践哲学开始走出社会建构主义的相对主义道路,发展出一条"相对的相对主义"的研究进路。

Inspired by French historical epistemology,philosophy of scientific practice has developed itself to be a comprehensive academic enterprise. It advances the point that fact is constructed to be a full- fledged ontological constructivism and consequently distances itself from the traditional dualism. Epistemologically,contextualism drawn from French historical epistemology and regional epistemology leads to some new ontological approaches to traditional epistemological issues. And fundamentally it establishes a descriptive methodology,illuminated by the tenet 'science creates philosophy',which paves the way for its ontological and epistemological stance. In this way a distinctive relativist relativism comes into being and differentiates itself from the absolute relativism of social constructivism.