修昔底德雅典民主观探析

An Critical Analysis of Thucydides' Views of Athenian Democracy

修昔底德作为古希腊三大历史学家之一,后世学者多将其归为反民主的贵族代表,然而,这并不能准确客观地反映修氏对于雅典民主政治所持的态度。修氏鄙视平民、推崇伯里克利、对其后继者抱有微词、赞赏斯巴达的贵族传统,皆是修氏站在整个雅典城邦的立场上做出的评判。因此,修氏对于雅典的民主政体持相对客观的态度,他所追求的是整个雅典城邦的利益与安全。

Later scholars often classify Thucydides-one of three ancient Greek historians-as an anti-democratic aristo- cratic representative, but the classification can＇t accurately and objectively reflect Thucydides＇ real attitude to Athenian democ- racy. This is because Thucydides made such judgments in the interest of the whole of Athenian urban states as despising civil- ians, respecting Pericles, grumbling about Pericles＇ successors and appreciating Spartan aristocratic traditions. So Thucydides maintained a relatively objective attitude to Athenian democracy, and what he really eared about were the interests and securi- ty of all the Athens urban states.