钻孔作业中反向扩孔气动冲击器尾气携岩特性

Cuttings carrying characteristics of back-reaming pneumatic impactor exhaust during drilling operation

建立了由反向扩孔气动冲击器排气孔到后封头的排屑流场,运用计算流体力学理论和FLUENT仿真软件研究了冲击器工作过程中尾气的携岩特性。基于冲击器的结构和工作原理,对气固两相排屑流场进行了数值仿真模拟,进而得到流场的气相特性以及岩屑颗粒运动轨迹和浓度分布规律。结果表明:冲击器排气孔尾气进入排屑流场后流速降低,流场压力由入口到出口逐渐降低;岩屑颗粒向流场底部聚集,颗粒平均浓度沿着远离入口方向变化不大,最大浓度沿着远离入口方向逐渐下降,最终趋于平稳。分析了钻进速度和尾气流量对携岩特性的影响,结果表明:随着钻进速度的增加尾气携岩能力下降,额定工作压力0.8 MPa时钻进速度应小于12.6 m/h;随着尾气质量流量的增加携岩能力提高,施工时应该在保证冲击器工作性能的情况下适当增加尾气质量流量。

The flow fields of chip removal from the impactor＇s exhaust hole to its rear head were established to study the cuttings carrying characteristics of back-reaming pneumatic impactor exhaust by utilizing the computational fluid dynamics theory and simulation software Fluent. Based on the structure and working principle of the impactor, the gas solid two phase flow was simulated, and the gas phase characteristics of the flow field and the moving trajectory and concentration distribution of particles were obtained. The research shows that： once the exhaust enters the field its speed will slow down and the field pressure will gradually decrease from the entrance to the exit; cuttings particles will gather around the bottom and there is minor variation in their average concentration as they are distributed along a contrary direction against the entrance while the maximum concentration descends along the same direction and finally becomes stable. Moreover, the effect of drilling speed and exhaust mass flow of the impactor on the solid carrying characteristics was analyzed. The result demonstrates that： as the drilling speed increases, the carrying ability of exhaust decreases and when the rated operation pressure is 0.8 MPa, the drilling speed should be less than 12.6 m/h; as the mass flow rate of exhaust increases, the carrying ability increases as well, and the mass flow rate should be moderately increased under the condition of ensuring the working performance of the impactor.