现代汉语“予取”类权势关系动词研究

Power verbs of“giving-receiving”events in modern Chinese

在"予取"类权势关系动词反映的"予取"事件中,施事和与事之间存在权势上的差异,与一般"予取"类动词相比,它们是复合方向动词,"予取"类高权势动词倾向于与"下来、下去"连用,低权势动词倾向于与"上来、上去"连用;高权势与事倾向于用"向"来介引,低权势者倾向于用"对"来介引。NP高可以为机构名词,也可以为指人名词,当其为指人名词时,倾向于使用"身份/地位名词+人名"结构,NP物一般为实体名词,并且NP物的所属权会发生转移。

This paper discusses ＂giving＂ and＂receiving＂ verbs in modern Chinese which highlight the power relations between the agents and the datives. Compared with the general verbs, these verbs have complex directional features. For example, in order to make the direction prominent, people prefer using the directional verbs ＂上来,上去＂ after the strong power verbs, and＂下来,下去＂ after the weak power verbs. The use of prepositions is another means to show the power. If the person＇s rank or position is high, it is possible to use ＂向＂ to introduce him/her;otherwise ＂对＂ is used to introduce the lower ones. From the perspective of argument, the strong power arguments are usually related to institutions. If it is a noun referring to a name, the noun usually has a complex form in order to show his/her position, like ＂status/position noun＋ name＂.