一般贸易与加工贸易对我国能源消耗影响的比较研究

Comparative Study of Effects of General Trade and Processing Trade on Energy Consumption in China

利用2001—2012年我国29省市的面板数据考察了一般贸易出口和加工贸易出口对能源强度的影响。选取加工贸易进出口额占进出口总额的比重作为指标,将29个省市划分为加工贸易发达地区、发展地区和落后地区,采用固定效应模型进行回归分析,结果表明:从整体上来说,我国加工贸易出口有利于能源消耗降低,一般贸易出口不利于能源消耗的降低。一般贸易出口和加工贸易出口对能源消耗影响存在区域差异性,印证了我国加工贸易区域内转移的必要性;加工贸易降低能源消耗强度受到人力资本、R&D投入和基础设施建设的制约。

Based on the panel data of 29 provinces and cities in China from 2001 to 2012, this article studies the effects of general trade and processing trade on energy intensity. Choosing the ratio of export and import volume of processing trade to total export and import volume as an index, it divides 29 provinces and cities into developed areas, developing areas and backward areas, makes a regression analysis with fixed effect model and gets the following results. As a whole, export-oriented processing trade is beneficial to reducing energy consumption while export-oriented general trade isn＇ t helpful to reducing energy consumption in China. The effects of export-oriented general trade and processing trade on energy consumption are different in different areas, which proves the necessity of regional transfer of processing trade in China. The effects of processing trade on reducing energy consumption intensity are restricted by human capital, R＆D input and infrastructure.