日本海权崛起与国际体系的冲突:历史与启示

Japan as a Rising Sea Power and Its Strategic Implications to International System:Historical Appraisal

华盛顿体系是一战后在远东亚太地区建立集体安全架构的一种尝试。华盛顿体系的成立,也使日本首次作为世界主要大国之一参与到国际体系当中。然而,1934年底,日本相继退出《九国公约》和《五国海军军备条约》,导致华盛顿体系最终于1936年崩溃。日本海军对日本这一时期的国家战略走向和外交路径选择、特别是日本对华盛顿体系的态度和政策有着较为重要的影响。本文探讨了日本加入华盛顿体系的背景与过程、华盛顿体系与日本海军之间在理念、战略目标和决策机制之间的冲突、日本海军及文官群体之间围绕华盛顿体系而进行的妥协与斗争。研究这一问题,不仅有助于我们加深对历史案例的理解,也可以为当前中国的海权建设提供一些启示。

The international system established by the Washington Conference in1921-22 embodied a common endeavor to build up an international structure of collective security in the Far East or Asia-Pacific region.It is the first time that Japan participated in an international system as one of the major powers.However,in 1934,Japan withdrew from the treaties it had signed in Washington and caused the Washington System to collapse eventually in 1936.The Imperial Japanese Navy had an essential influence on Japanese national strategy and diplomatic approach,especially on the attitude and policy towards the Washington System.This article discussed the background and process of Japan's joining the Washington System,highlighted the conflicts about perception on international affairs,strategic goal and decision-making mechanism between the Imperial Japanese Navy and the requirement of the Washington System,and retrospect the controversy centered around the Washington System between the civilian government and the navy.Such a historical research would provide a few lessons for the Chinese naval development today.