霍克思“译写”《红楼梦》相术文化下的相貌描写——从生态翻译学角度解读

Hawkes' Translation of Appearance Description Linked with Physiognomy in The Story of the Stone——An Ecotranslatology-Oriented Perspective

《红楼梦》大量运用相术学原理来描摹作品里人物的形貌,相术化的相貌描写是传统文化渗透的必然结果,它利用传统文化基础上形成的稳定的喻体系统对人物的某些部位进行突出的"举隅"式"物喻"描绘,以此呈现人物的"神"与"貌",同时又隐晦地向读者预示人物的命运。相术化相貌描写使《红楼梦》在对外译介过程中凸显出无法避免的不平衡性特征。通过生态翻译学,霍克思成功地英译了《红楼梦》中诸多相术化的相貌描写,顺应了当时的翻译生态环境,选择了译者三忠实原则指导下的译写翻译策略,使译作成为"适者"在西方世界生存下来。霍克思的成就证明了这种翻译策略既坚持了忠实作者原作的精神,又是妥协让步与宽容变通的有效途径。

Characters＇ appearance in The Story of the Stone is linked with physiognomy,which is the inevitable result of permeating national culture.This method uses the stable vehicle system on the basis of traditional culture to feature a certain part of body with metaphor to show characters＇ spirits and appearance,which hints the ending of every character at the same time.The physiognomic description of appearance allows this novel to have imbalance characteristics in the process of translation,which is unavoidable.From an ecotranslatology-oriented perspective,Hawkes＇ successful translation of characters＇ appearance linked with physiognomy is attributed to his adaptation to translation ecological environment.Hawkes chose the translation principle of translation-writing under the guideline of＂translator＇s three hierarchical faithfulness＂to make The Story of the Stone popular in the western world.Hawkes＇ s achievement also shows that this principle is not only a compromise,but also retaining the novel＇s originality.