干细胞在骨再生领域的研究进展

Research progress in the field of stem cells in bone regeneration

干细胞是人体的起源细胞，具有高度增殖、多向分化潜能和自我更新能力。根据来源可将其分为胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞。近年来，骨组织工程的研究取得了长足进步，且已成功应用于临床；而干细胞的研究也为口腔组织工程带来了新的希望，并对骨再生产生了重要的意义。获取增殖能力强，又具有成骨潜能的种子细胞对于骨组织工程的构建至关重要，寻找能够满足要求和易于操作的种子细胞是组织工程研究中的关键环节。牙源性干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、脂肪干细胞及胚胎干细胞因具有优良的再生和分化潜能，已成为骨再生治疗的重要来源。就目前研究较多的干细胞的骨再生能力作一综述，并对其应用前景进行探讨。

Stem cells are the origin cells of human body with high proliferation ability, multi-directional differentiation potential and self-renewal ability, which can be divided into embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research and development of bone tissue engineering, and applied in more and more hospitals. Research on stem cells brings new hope to oral tissue engineering and has an important significance for bone regeneration. To obtain the seed cells with strong proliferation ability and osteogenic potential is critical for bone tissue engineering construction. Odontogenic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells and embryonic stem cells have become important sources of bone tissue regeneration therapy due to their excellent regeneration and differentiation potential. This review aims to summarize the bone regeneration ability of stem cells which draws more attentions at present, and discuss the application prospect.