骨形态发生蛋白在骨修复中的作用及临床应用进展

Function and clinical applications of bone morphogenetic proteins in bone repair

骨形态发生蛋白（BMPs）是转化生长因子（TGF）-β超家族成员之一，在胚胎发育、骨及软骨的形成和修复中起着重要的调节作用。BMPs作用机制的复杂性早已被大量细胞与分子生物学研究和转基因动物实验研究所证实。基因工程实现了BMPs的大量生产并应用于临床骨组织工程修复，但要达到理想的修复效果还需结合合适的载体材料，以保证BMPs在手术部位的控制性释放和最大的生物活性。目前，BMP-2和BMP-7已获美国食品与药品监督管理局批准被广泛应用于长骨骨折、脊柱融合术及口腔颌面外科等的临床治疗，并取得了令人满意的效果，但同时其引起的副作用也被广泛关注。对BMPs在骨修复中的作用和临床应用最新进展进行了综述。

Bone morphogenetic proteins （BMPs） are members of the transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） superfamily, acting as important regulators in embryogenesis and bone and cartilage formation and repair. The complexity of BMPs action has early been unveiled by generous cell and molecular biology approaches and transgenic animal studies. Genetic engineering allows for the mass production of BMPs for clinical use of bone repair, but the desirable scaffold material is also needed to ensure controlled release and maximum biological activity of BMPs at the surgical site. Currently, BMP-2 and BMP-7 have been approved by United States Food and Drug Administration for clinical therapy in long bone fracture, spinal fusion and oral and maxillofacial surgery. The results are satisfactory, but the side effects have been also widely concerned. The functions and clinical applications of BMPs in bon repair are reviewed.