我国野生果树资源及其开发利用概况

Wild fruit resources in China and its general situation of exploitation and utilization

野生果树是重要的生物资源,具有广泛的用途,其不仅供人类直接采食,还被用作砧木、育种亲本及新兴的栽培果树品种和种类,部分野生果树还被用作园林园艺树种及医药、食品等工业的原材料。深入开展野生果树资源的调查研究及开发利用具有十分重要的现实意义。我国是野生果树资源大国,在开发利用野生果树资源方面历史悠久,经验丰富,成果丰硕。特别是新中国建立以来,我国不仅对野生果树资源进行了深入系统的调查,对野生果树资源开发利用的广度和深度也不断加深。简要回顾了我国古代对野生果树资源的开发利用情况,概述了建国后对野生果树资源的调查结果,以及我国野生果树资源开发利用途径及取得的成就,讨论了我国在野生果树资源利用和开发过程中存在的问题及其对策。

Wild fruit trees are important biological resources, and have a wide range of use. They are not only to harvest for human food, but also are used as rootstock, breeding parents and emerging fruit cultivated variety or species, some wild fruit trees are also used as gardening tree species and raw materials of medicine, food and other industry. So, it is very important and practical significance for investigating and exploiting the wild fruit resources. China is a country with rich wild fruit tree resources, and has a long history in using wild fruit tree resources, and has acquired rich experience and fruitful results. Especially, since the establishment of new China, we have riot only carried out a thorough investigation on the wild fruit tree resources, but also developed and exploited the wild fruit tree resources deeply. In this article, the exploitation situation of wild fruit tree resources in ancient China was reviewed briefly, ways and achievements of exploiting wild fruit trees resources were overviewed, the problems existing and it countermeasures in the proceeding of utilization and exploitation of wild fruit tree resources were discussed.