汉魏时期材官将军考

Research on Infantry General in Han-Wei Period

材官将军是西汉时设立的官职,汉魏时期其设置沿着两条主线发展:其一作为加官,其二是作为国家工程营作机构的职官。材官将军的任职人员由武官和技术人员等构成且以武官为主。材官将军的地位在西汉、曹魏及刘宋时为中高级武吏,两晋及梁陈地位下降。其职责有统兵作战、驻扎戍卫、掌管材木工匠事务,职责的变化一定程度上反映了汉魏时期将军职能的演变情况。材官将军的发展演变具有特殊性即并未同其他杂号将军一样逐步沦为散阶化的荣誉称号,而是大多作为实职性职官存在,是杂号将军中的特例。

Infantry general was an official position in the Western Han Dynasty, which was later on passed on in two aspects in the Han-Wei Period, one was used for promotion, the other was used for civilian officials＇ position. Its members were composed of military officers and mostly technicians. Its position was military officers of middle and high ranking in the Western Han Period, Cao-Wei Period and Liu-Song Period, and descended in the Eastern Jin and Western Jin Period, and Liang-Chen Period. They were responsible for leading troops in fighting, being stationed as garrison troops, being in charge of timber and craftsmen. The changes in their duties, to some extent, reflected the evolvement of generals＇ roles. Their evolvement had some particularity and existed as real official posi- tions instead of being reduced into honorary ranks as other miscellaneous generals, which was an exceptional case.