中唐关中防秋诸军规模考论

Research on the Autumn-Defense Troops in the Mid-Tang Dynasty

安史之乱后,随着西北边军东调,吐蕃趁势侵吞河陇,将战线推进至关中西部。此后,吐蕃或单独寇边掠境,或勾结党项等族内侵,京师的安全环境岌岌可危。唐廷为遏制吐蕃的进犯并解决关中兵力不足的难题,建立起从各地大量征兵的防秋制度。通过排比、钩沉唐代史料,从防秋诸军的屯戍、迎战以及整体规模三个层面的考察,发现其整体数量的庞大与单个规模的寡弱构成中唐关中防秋兵力的现实。由此造成防秋兵与关中藩镇兵、神策行营协调与配合的"三级圈层"防御体系的建立,并使之成为其中重要的一环,以此拱卫帝都的安全,这对于唐朝遏制吐蕃的侵扰,消弭反叛之患与维系帝国百年之久的统治都居功至伟。

After An Lushan Rebellion, with the northwest frontier troops transferred eastwards, the Tibetan regime occupied Longyou and Hexi areas, having stretched the warfare into the west of Guanzhong. Afterwards, the Tubo repeatedly robbed the border area of the Tang Empire and ganged up with the Dangxiang minority nationality to invade. The security in Chang＇an, the Capital City of the Tang Dynasty, was in great danger. In order to resist Tibetan＇s aggression and consolidate the inadequate military strength, the Autumn - Defense system was estab- lished with large numbers of soldiers recruited from various regions. By comparison and selection of the materials a- bout Tang Dynasty, the research on the garrison, fight and overall scale found that the enormous overall number was in sharp contrast with the limited individual number, leading to the building of the three-circle defense system that consisted of the Autumn-Defense troops from all parts of the Tang Empire, and becoming an important circle in the three-circle defense system to safeguard the Capital City. The Autumn-Defense troops had made great contribution to preventing from the Tibetan＇s aggression, eliminating the troops＇ rebellion and maintaining the government of the Tang Empire.