白菜型油菜×白芥属间远缘杂交亲和性及杂交一代幼苗挽救技术的研究

Intergeneric crosses compatibility and rescue techniques for hybrid offspring between Brassica rapaand Sinapis alba

为了探明白菜型油菜与白芥属间杂交亲和性,建立白菜型油菜与白芥属间的杂交一代壮苗及生根技术.以白菜型油菜为母本,白芥为父本进行杂交,统计杂交子房脱落率和杂交亲和指数,分析不同比例基本培养基、不同种类及浓度的生长素或细胞分裂素对诱导生根和壮苗培养的影响.结果表明:白菜型油菜与白芥属间杂交种,平均杂交亲和指数为0.5,表现为杂交不亲和;二者的杂交种子在滤纸床上萌发,只得到了缺少胚根的无根苗.将无根苗在1/2 MS培养基上进行挽救培养,能生长发育成完整植株.白菜型油菜与白芥属间杂交后代试管苗的最佳壮苗培养基为2 MS+1.5mg/L 6-BA+0.5mg/L NAA,最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+0.3mg/L IBA,最佳移栽基质为草炭土+蛭石+灌漠土(1∶2∶1).白菜型油菜与白芥间存在杂交不亲和性,杂交后代壮苗及生根技术为:2MS+1.5mg/L 6-BA+0.5mg/L NAA培养基上壮苗培养,1/2 MS+0.3mg/L IBA培养基上生根培养,草炭土+蛭石+灌漠土(1∶2∶1)基质中驯化移栽.

In order to prove intergeneric crosses compatibility and establish rescue techniques for hybrid offspring between B. rapa and S. alba. Wide crosses were made by B. rapa as female parent and Sinapis alba as male parent, crosses compatibility was estimated and effects of medium with different macroele- ments, auxin or cytokinin were analyzed on roots induction and strong seedlings culture. The results indica- ted that mean crosses compatibility index was 0. 5, hybrid offspring were cross-incompatible. Only young seedlings without radicles were obtained after germinated on the filter paper, the rootless seedlings pro- duced roots on 1/2 MS and grow up plant. For test-tube plantlet between B. rapa and S. alba,the optimal medium for vigorous seedlings was 2MS＋1.5 mg/L 6-BA＋0. 5 mg/L NAA,for roots induction was 1/2 MS＋0. 3 mg/L IBA. The optimal matrixe of seedling transplantation was turfy soil ＋ vermiculite ＋ irrigation desert （1 ： 2： 1）. There exist Cross-incompatible between B. rapa and S. alba. Tthe rescue techniques for hybrid offspring are vigorous seedlings culture in 2MS＋ 1.5 mg/L 6-BA＋0. 5 mg/L NAA medium, roots induction in 1/2 MS＋0. 3 mg/L IBA,transplanting in turfy soil＋vermiculite＋irrigation desert.