北京市朝阳区热岛效应特征分析

Urban heat island effect characteristics of Chaoyang District,Beijing

利用1961—2014年朝阳、密云、上甸子3个站气温地面观测数据,对朝阳区与郊区温度年际变化、热岛强度年际变化进行了分析,并利用卫星反演数据分析了热岛效应的空间分布特征,得到以下主要结论:1朝阳区在20世纪70年代末城市热岛效应不太明显,之后城市热岛效应开始显现,热岛强度逐年增强,80年代末到90年代初略有减弱,2000年以后热岛强度有明显增强。2朝阳与郊区平均温差达1.5℃左右,为强热岛效应。热岛效应增强使得夏季高温日数增加,冬季低温日数减少。冬季为一年中热岛强度最强的季节。3朝阳区的热岛效应表现为西强东弱,热岛强度逐渐有向东、向南发展的趋势。强热岛区域集中在三环以内的城区。弱热岛区域集中在奥林匹克森林公园等下垫面多为大面积的水体和植被的地区。

This study investigates the historical inter-annual variabilities of urban heat island（UHI） effect over the Chaoyung distract and its suburb regionsin Beijing. The observed surface air temperaturedata during 1961--2014 from three observatories, namely Chaoyang, Miyun and Shangdianzi, is further used to analyze the impact of UHI to the frequency of extreme temperature. We also apply the satellite retrieval data to analyze the spatial distribution of UHI effect. The results show an increased trend in UHI effect during the last 54 years. The UHI signal is compara- tively weak before the late 1970 s and tends to be intensified since the early 1980 s. However,a period of relatively weak UHI is also found duringthe late 1980s to the early 1990 s. The difference in temperature between the Chaoy- angdistrict and its outer suburbs is 1.5℃, indicating a strong UHI effect. With increased UHI, the resultshows an in- crease in high temperature days of summer and decrease in low temperature days of winter as well. The seasonality of UHI intensity shows that the most intenseUHI tends to occur in winter. The over the west Chaoyangdistrict tent to be spatial stronger than the east. The UHI effect over g. area within the 3rd Ring Road）is found to be stronger as compared pic forest park）. This is considered that brings relatively great contrasts as the result of the high coverage to the land surfaceproperty. with the outer of water and climatology shows that the UHI the Beijing inner core area （ e. area of Beijing（ e. g. the Olym- vegetation in the outer Beijing