膜下滴灌灌溉制度对棉花生长和产量的影响

Effects of drip irrigation program on cotton growth and yield

在新疆开展了2a的棉花膜下滴灌试验，研究了滴灌灌水量对土壤含水率、棉花生长状况和产量的影响，主要结论如下：①灌水量增加对表层土壤含水率的影响较小，在20～60cm的根区土壤中，土壤含水率随着灌水量增加明显增大；过高的灌水量会增加主要根系层（60cm）以下土层中水分的淋失；从提高水分利用的角度，中灌水量处理最为适宜。②棉花的株高和叶面积指数随灌水量增加而增加，差异达到显著水平；灌水量增加使棉花皮棉产量显著增加，处理问最大差异达到48．8％；高灌水量会明显增加未开铃数。③综合考虑土壤水分利用状况和棉花生长及产量因素，新疆地区棉花膜下滴灌灌水量取充分灌溉水量的75％较为适宜。

The drip irrigation test was conducted for two years in Xinjiang. It is researched that the effect of drip irrigation amount on soil moisture distribution, cotton growth status and yield. Conclusions： 1） The increase of irrigation amount has less effect on soil moisture in the top layer. The soil moisture increases evidently with the increase of irrigation amount in the depth between 20 cm and 60cm. And exceed irrigation will cause soil moisture leaching in the depth under 250 cm. So middle-level irrigation amount is best analyzed from increasing water use efficiency. 2） The height, leaf area index and yield of cotton increase significantly with the increase o5 irrigation amount. And the biggest difference among these treatments reached to 48.8%. 3） Considering water using efficiency, cotton growth and yield comprehensively, taking 75% of the full irrigation amount as drip irrigation amount is most suitable for this area.