论海德格尔“真理”概念的存在论基础

The Ontological Foundation of Heidegger's Concept of Alētheia

在海德格尔哲学中,"真理"(alētheia)并非传统意义上的命题真理,不是符合论的真理,而是存在之真理。海德格尔对亚里士多德《尼各马可伦理学》第六卷"明智"(phronēsis)的分析表明,phronēsis以好的行为,以此在为对象,即以此在的存在为揭蔽的对象,因此,phronēsis是alētheia的最高表现。在这个意义上,真理就是无蔽或去蔽,其最源始的意义即是此在的展开状态,此在将自身从遮蔽状态中揭示出来。这种揭示就是对存在的时间性意义的揭示,它以操心为存在的基本结构。真理通过形式指示的方式保持其存在论性质,它是此在存在的前提,即存在境域,是此在的一种存在方式。真理概念因此体现了海德格尔哲学的实践性质。

In Heidegger＇s philosophy,＂truth＂（ alētheia） is not traditionally propositional truth,not truth of correspondence theory,but truth of being. According to Heidegger＇s interpretation of ＂phronēsis＂in chapterⅥ of Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle,＂phronēsis＂takes eupraxia,Dasein as object,namely takes being of Dasein as object of disclosure,thus ＂phronēsis＂is the highest manifestation of alētheia. In this sense,truth is ＂uncoveredness＂,the most original meaning of which is the developed state of Dasein,Dasein discloses itself from coveredness. Such disclosure is to disclose the meaning of temporality of being,it takes ＂concern＂as the basic structure of being.Truth keeps its ontological character in formal indication,it＇s the premise of Dasein＇s existence,i. e. the circumstance of being,and a way of Dasein＇s existence. In this way,the concept of truth shows the practical character of Heidegger＇s philosophy.