宋代理学中“无意”问题之考辨

Research on the Problem about “Unconsciousness”in Neo- Confucianism in Song Dynasty

道德实践中的意念有无问题是宋代理学讨论的核心问题之一。在道德实践中消解意念与动机,使主体达到不假思虑,顺从当下自然发出的道德本心而动,是宋代理学家所向往的目标。然而,他们对"无意"无造作、不思虑的内涵理解产生分歧,争论的焦点在于"无意"究竟是圣人达到圆满境界产生的效验,还是普通人修德的入手功夫。这两种观点对后来明代心学对"意念"问题研究的深化产生了深刻的影响。

Consciousness or unconsciousness in moral practice is one of core issues discussed by neo- Confucianism in Song dynasty. Eliminating consciousness and motive in moral practice and obeying the conscience which appears instantly without thinking is the goal of neo- Confucianism in Song dynasty. However,there are differences between them in the understanding connotation of unconsciousness. The bone of contention is that unconsciousness is the intended effect of satisfactory state saint achieved or the way to refine moral for ordinary people. The two different kinds of point views have a profound impact on futher research on the concept of unconsciousness by neo-Confucianism in Ming dynasty.