王夫之诗论的叙事学观察——从“取影”说谈开去

A Survey on Wang Fuzhi's Poetics from the Point of Narratology

从王夫之对王昌龄《青楼曲》、崔国辅《杂诗》等诗作的评点来看,他注重辨析诗中素材由谁"看见"、诗歌内容由谁"说出",用当代叙事学的说法,是注重辨析"聚焦者"和"聚焦方式"。他的"宾主说"强调诗人"视觉"对诗中素材的掌控,"主"与"宾"可以解释为"聚焦者"和"聚焦对象"。他所欣赏的"宾主俱有情而相浃洽"可以理解为"聚焦者"与"聚焦对象"互相聚焦,如同"两镜相入";"不立宾主"则是诗中素材不由特定聚焦者聚焦。王夫之是一个抒情论者,他之所以要辨析"谁看"、"谁说"这类问题,乃是基于对最简单的聚焦方式的喜爱。

Those comments on poems of Wang Changling ＇ 青楼曲 and Cui Guofu ＂ s 杂诗 by Wang Fu-zhi show that he paid much attention to identical feature of focalization of Yuefu 东府 poems. His theory about guest-host 宾主 could be inter- preted as the relationship between the focalizor and the focalized object from the point of narratology. On WangFu-zhi＇s opinion, the Bin 宾 and Zhu 主 of a first-class poems should focus each other like two opposite mirrors. WangFu-zhi did not like complicated narrative structure.