我国煤炭开采水资源保护利用技术研究进展

Technical progress of water resource protection and utilization by coal mining in China

水资源短缺是全球性问题,我国是全球最缺水的国家之一。煤炭资源与水资源的逆向分布使得我国煤炭开采水资源保护利用成为煤炭绿色开发的重大技术难题。我国西部已成为煤炭的主产区,但该地区生态环境脆弱,水资源蒸发量大,矿井水外排后蒸发损失是我国目前煤炭开采年损失60亿t矿井水的主要原因。系统分析了煤炭开采水资源保护利用的技术进展及工程应用特点;介绍了神华集团经过近20年的技术探索和工程实践,突破传统理念,首次提出采空区储用矿井水的技术构想,攻克了水源预测、水库选址、库容计算、坝体构筑、安全控制和水质保障等技术难题,构建了煤矿地下水库技术体系。该技术已在神东矿区全面实施,并将在西部其他矿区推广应用,为煤炭开采水资源保护利用开辟了有效的技术途径。

Water shortage is a global problem,China is one is one of the most shortage countries in the world,the dstribution of coal resource is reverse to water resource,which makes protection and utilization of water resource become more important. Western China has become major coal producing areas,in where ecological environment is fragile and evaporation is quite large. The discharged mine water evaporation is major reason for loss of 6 billion tons water per year in China. The recent techniques and engineering applications on protection and utilization of water resource by coal mining are summarized and analyzed,and coal mine underground reservoir is firstly proposed by Shenhua Group Corporation Limited based on the breakthrough technological concept of mine water storage and utilization in goaf,and some technical problems,including water resource prediction,reservoir site selection,reservoir capacity design,dam construction,safety guarantee,water quality control,are solved in almost 20 years of technical exploration and engineering practice. Lastly,the whole theory framework and technological system is established. The coal mine underground reservoir has been applied in Shendong Mining Area,and is popularizing to other mining areas in the western China. The technique is a effective way to the protection and utilization of underground water resource by coal mining.