我国煤矿深部开采现状及灾害防治分析

Current status of deep mining and disaster prevention in China

为保障深部矿井的安全生产,对全国采深超过800 m的深部煤矿开采现状及面临的灾害类型进行了调查统计,给出了目前深部矿井的数量及产能分布情况;分析了影响深部矿井灾害的地质力学因素(高地压、高地温、高水压、高瓦斯、低煤岩渗透性)和开采强度因素,并对全国主要深部矿井的灾害属性进行了分类统计。结合近5年来深部矿井发生的灾害事故,得出瓦斯灾害是深部矿井的第一大灾害,复合型灾害是深部矿井的新特征,复合型灾害事故程度比单一型灾害程度更高。最后对目前深部煤矿灾害防治技术及装备进行了评价,针对深部开采面临的主要困难和问题,提出了相应的发展建议。

In order to ensure safety mining in deep coal mines,the current status of deep mining and disasters type were analyzed to mining depth over 800 m of deep coal mines in China,and the number of deep mines and capacity distribution were given. The authors analyzed the geological mechanics factors（ high ground stress,high ground temperature,high water pressure,high gas content and low coal rock permeability） and mining intensity factors affecting deep mine disasters. Meanwile,the national major deep mine disasters properties were classified. Combined with recent five years of deep mine disaster accidents,it was concluded that the gas disaster was the first major calamity,complex disasters were the new characteristics of deep mine,the degree of complex disasters was larger than simple disasters. At last,the deep coal mine disasters prevention and control technology and equipments were evaluated. According to the major difficulties and issues of deep mining faced,some feasible suggestions were put forward.