海南大洲岛珊瑚礁海域浮游植物群落特征研究

Ecological Features of Phytoplankton Community of Dazhou Island,Hainan Province

于2013年3,6,9和12月对大洲岛珊瑚礁海域的浮游植物进行了周年的季节性调查。共鉴定出浮游植物6门58属104种,且由广温广布型物种为主,群落结构组成以硅藻为主,赤潮藻类共2门22属41种,其中有毒甲藻3种。浮游植物种类季节变化情况为,夏季(53种)<春季=冬季(69种)<秋季(73种),夏季湾内采集底泥发现的甲藻孢囊及休眠孢子与夏季藻种类减少有关。大洲岛海域虽存在一定的赤潮优势种,但不足以达到引发赤潮的条件;但从局部来看,前港春季具有潜在发生赤潮的危险。研究区前港、湾内、后港的种类和密度均不存在显著性差异,风向季节性转移相对应的人为活动的影响和研究区珊瑚覆盖率的高低对各研究区浮游植物种类和丰度均不存在显著性差异;季节间种类不存在显著性差异,但春季浮游植物丰度与冬季存在显著性差异,冬季浮游植物丰度明显高于春季。多样性指数和均匀度指数分别与COD、活性磷、无机氮、氨氮表现出显著负相关性。

Seasonal investigation on phytoplankton community was carried out in coral reef region of Dazhou Island in 2013.A total of 104 phytoplankton species which belong to 6phyla and 58 genera were identified,and eurythermic and widely distributed species played an important role in the community structure,and diatom also played an important role in the community structure.Forty one species which belong to 2phyla and 22 genera were red tide causing,and 3species were toxic.The seasonal change of phytoplankton species was summer（53）〈spring=winter（69）〈autumn（73）.In the middle harbor,and sediment of acquisition found dinoflagellate resting cysts and resting spore in summer,which related to decrease of algal species in summer.There were some dominant species of red tide phytoplankton,but they could not cause red tide;from the local,the front harbor of spring had the potential danger,which causes red tide.There was no significant difference in species and densities among these studied areas,The change of anthropogenic activities were regular,which were caused by seasonal wind shifting.Coral coverage would not significantly affect species and densities of phytoplankton among these areas;species of phytoplankton were not significantly affected by seasonal change,phytoplankton densities of spring and winter had significant difference,and phytoplankton densities of winter was significantly higher than spring.Shannon-Weaver＇s diversity indices,Pielou＇s indices,respectively,with chemical oxygen demand（COD）,dissolved inorganic phosphorus,dissolved inorganic nitrogen and ammonium showed negative correlation as analyzed.