产业专业化对城镇化的影响——基于长三角地区1986-2012年的面板数据分析

The Impact of Industrial Specialization on Urbanization——The Analysis Based on Panel Data of Yangtze River Delta from 1986-2012

产业专业化和多样化是城镇化的经济内涵,劳动力转移是城镇化的人口内涵,本文阐述了中国城镇化过程中产业专业化与劳动力转移的密切关系和农村城镇化的邻近特征,对长三角地区1986-2012年面板数据实证分析,结果表明,区域产业专业化显著促进了城乡劳动力转移,而江浙乡镇企业的崛起,则加速了农村就地工业化与城镇化。此外,第二产业发展、第三产业发展、城乡收入差距、人均财政支出及外商直接投资增强了农村劳动力向城市转移。农村土地利益链的延长则减缓了这一趋势。城镇失业率阻止劳动力转移的效果不显著。

Industrial specialization is the economic property of urbanization and labor migration is the population nature of urbanization. This paper tries to explain the close relationship between industrial specialization and labor migration and proximity characteristics of rural urbanization. The experimental results from panel data of Yangtze River Delta show, industrial specialization significantly causes labor to migrate from rural to town. The emergence of township and village enterprises in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces Shape the local industries and town in proximity of rural areas. Besides, development of the second industry development and tertiary industry, income gap between village and urban, fiscal expenditure per capita and FDI reinforce rural labor to immigrate to town. However, increase in land value slows down the trends. The effect that unemployment rate in urban deters migration is not significant.