论全面两孩政策

On the Two-Child Policy in China

2016年初,中共中央和国务院最新公布了《关于实施全面两孩政策改革完善计划生育服务管理的决定》。文章论述了实施全面两孩政策出台的背景、意义、内涵、决策过程及出台的时机,提出贯彻落实《决定》精神需要做好的几个方面工作,包括依法组织实施全面两孩政策、改革生育服务管理制度、加强妇幼健康计划生育服务、做好政策衔接和计划生育特殊家庭的帮扶、加强组织领导和保障措施、夯实基层基础、加强生育保障。我国的人口国情决定了计划生育基本国策必须长期坚持,今后的人口计生工作应该转向调控总量、提升素质、优化结构、合理分布、注重服务家庭,政府、社会和公民多元共治。

At the start of 2016, CPC Central Committee and State Council issued a decision on imple- menting a comprehensive two-child policy, reforming and improving the management of family plan- ning services. This paper reviews theoretical and practical perspectives of the decision and discusses the what and the why of the two-child policy. In carrying out and implementing the decision, the major tasks involve organizing and implementing the two-child policy in accordance with the law, reforming maternity services management system, strengthening maternal and child health and family planning services, improving family planning rewards support system, strengthening organizational leadership, strengthening grass-roots work, and improving childbearing security. Family planning policy is a long- term basic national policy in China; however, China＇ s future family planning work needs to be reorient- ed to achieving demographically an appropriate scale, high-quality, structure optimization, and rational distribution, and to forming a multi-governing structure of the government, society and the citizens.