结核分枝杆菌分子分型技术的研究和应用

Genetic genotyping techniques for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the application

结核分枝杆菌是引发结核病的病原菌。近年,结核病发病有增加趋势,特别是结核杆菌耐药株增多,这些都提示其分子流行病学特点发生了改变。对不同基因型的结核病患者选取不同的治疗方案,是当今个性化医疗和结核病有效治疗的必然要求。目前广泛使用的结核分枝杆菌基因分型方法主要有插入序列6110限制性片段长度多态性、间隔区寡核苷酸分型法、多位点串联重复序列分析、全基因组测序技术、耐药相关基因突变谱分析、基因芯片分型技术等,这些方法在临床和基础研究中的应用各有利弊。本文对结核分枝杆菌的基因分型技术和应用作一综述,以期为临床工作者和基础研究人员选择适合的分型技术提供理论依据。

Mycobacterium tuberculosis （MTB） is the pathogenic agent for TB. Recently, the incidence rate of TB and the TB strains with drug resistant increased. All suggested that the epidemiological characters of TB were different from previous one. Choosing suitable therapeutic methods could efficiently protect normal individuals from TB and treat the patients with TB, which is essential for personalized medicine and treatment. The common genotyping methods included restriction fragment length polymorphism of IS6110, spacer oligonucleotide typing, multi-locus variable tandem number repeats analysis, whole ge nome sequencing, resistance-associated mutation spectrum analysis, microarray genotyping, etc. Two sides, i.e. advantage and shortcoming, co-existed in each technology when they were used in clinic and research. The genotyping methods and the application were summarized in this review to provide theoretical basis for clinicians and researchers.