伯氏疏螺旋体的致病性及免疫防治研究进展

Pathogenicity and immune prevention of Borreliaburgdorferi

伯氏疏螺旋体是莱姆病的病原体,它是由蜱叮咬传播引起的一种自然疫源性疾病。目前莱姆病在很多方面的研究已经取得显著进展,但由于不同基因型甚至是同一基因型不同分离株引起的主要临床症状及致病性都有所不同,而其致病机理尚不完全清楚,主要原因可能是不同基因型伯氏疏螺旋体之间存在传播媒介、致病性、组织嗜性、免疫反应等方面的差异。本文主要就伯氏疏螺旋体从蜱到宿主动物的感染致病以及免疫防御的机制进行了阐述,包括伯氏疏螺旋体的整体分类情况、感染循环、致病机制及疫苗和展望等方面来论述伯氏疏螺旋体的研究进展。这些研究均可为莱姆病的发病机理,临床症状,预防及治疗提供很好的借鉴。

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is a natural foci disease caused by tick biting. Although current research progress of Lyme disease in many aspects has made significance, due to the genetic polymorphisms and antigenic heterogeneity of different genotypes and even pathogenic of the different region isolates within the same genotypes are also quite different, the pathogenic mechanism is not fully understood. The main reason may be differences in the transmission vectors, pathogenicity, tissue tropism, immune response and so on between different genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi. This review focuses on the mechanisms of immune defense and pathogenic during Borrelia burgdorferi infection from tick to the host animal＇s, including the overall classification of Borrelia burgdorferi, the infection cycle, pathogenesis, vaccine development and prospects, etc. This may play a good reference for the pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, prevention and treatment of Lyme disease.